The Pre-History of the Qumran Community with a Reassessment of CD 1:5-11
In the more than 60 years since the first manuscript discoveries in Qumran Cave 1, there have been numerous attempts to sketch the pre-history and history of the community associated with the Scrolls. Its roots have been traced to various sources and combinations of influences. As for Qumran itself, the thesis of Roland de Vaux, based primarily on his reading of the archaeological evidence, long provided a framework: a small community built quarters at Qumran in the last third or so of the second century BCE and grew in size around 100 BCE or slightly later. Except for an interruption that lasted approximately 30 years, this group continued to occupy the site until 68 CE, when Roman troops attacked and destroyed the buildings and killed the members of the group.
Though the writers of the text do not seem to have shared the modern enthusiasm for their history, this paper will attempt to ascertain what relatively secure evidence is relating to these questions and what this evidence allows us to infer.