Interpretive Circles: The Case of the Dead Sea Scrolls
The central theory dominating Dead Sea Scrolls research ever since its inception, known as the Qumran-Essene hypothesis, asserts that the scrolls belonged to the Essenes, and Qumran was the center of Essene communal life. In my lecture, I discuss how this theory is based on a grand interpretive circle which draws on evidence from three distinct types of sources: the texts of the Scrolls, the archaeological site of Qumran, and the literary writings of three first-century historians, namely Josephus, Philo, and Pliny the Elder. I examine the strength of each of the links in this circle, and raise questions about the strength of the circle as a whole, speculating on the inescapable role of interpretive circles in the human sciences in general.