השנה בת 364 יום במסופוטמיה ובקומראן

During the Second Temple period a calendar year of 364 days emerged in Judea, which conflicted with the long-standing lunar calendar with its regular 354-day years and leap years of approximately 384 days. This 364-day year is found in Enoch and Jubilees, and in an extensive array of works from Qumran. The article identifies the origins of this 364-day year in cuneiform texts from ancient Mesopotamia and then investigates the various guises of the 364-day year in writings from Second Temple period Judea. Finally, the question of whether the 364-day calendar is indeed a solar calendar, as previous scholars have generally assumed, is considered.