לחיבורו של מזמור תהלים קנא

Among the five apocryphal, so-called Syriac Psalms, Psalm 151 (Syriac I) is a unique case, since it is preserved not only in the Syriac tradition but also in the Septuagint and other ancient versions as well as in the Psalms Scroll, 11Q5 28:3–14. This paper concentrates on the question of the relationship between the shorter Greek version of the Septuagint (on which the Syriac version is dependent) and the longer Hebrew version from Qumran. Both versions are a sort of midrash on 1 Sam 16–17. The Septuagint version, however, is not only shorter but consists of one single poem whereas the Qumran version is divided into two separate pieces with two individual superscriptions. There is a discussion as to whether the Septuagint or the Qumran version is original. James A. Sanders, followed by Dalia Amara, postulated that the Septuagint version makes no sense and, therefore, is an abbreviation of the original Hebrew version attested in Qumran. Menahem Haran, to the contrary, argued that the Septuagint version is the original text and was supplemented and modified in the Qumran version. He, however, did not explain the Greek text of the Septuagint (or its Hebrew Vorlage) in detail. This gap was filled by Michael Segal. In this paper I will follow Haran and Segal and would like to add another argument for the priority of the Septuagint version in relation to the later Qumran version which, as far as I can see, has not yet been noticed. The Qumran version shows clearly many signs of secondary supplementation. Closer inspection reveals that most of these supplementations were added in order to adjust the poem to the biblical account in 1 Sam 16–17. This, I think is also a clear evidence for the secondary character of the Qumran version of Psalm 151.