Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur Theology in Ben Sira 17:25–18:14
The call to repentance in Ben Sira 17:25-18:14 matches the liturgical theology of the penitential days from Rosh Hashanah to Yom Kippur, expressed in the much later liturgical poem entitled Unetanneh Toqeph. Motifs from Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur appear in the Syriac text of Sir 18:1 (“all the world is on trial”), while the Syriac of Sir 18:7 declares: “If they repent, they will be amazed.” Parallels also exist with the Neilah prayer that closes the synagogue liturgy for the Day of Atonement, and both Sir 17:29 and 18:12 speak of God’s atonement.