התואר הבתר-מקראי "אדון-הכל" — והופעתו במזמור קנא מקומראן

Difficult problems of interpretation have been raised by the fourth verse of the Qumran non-canonical Psalm 151 as published in the editio princeps (ZAW 75 (1963) 73–86). The author fully agrees with the opinion (expressed in the meanwhile by Rabinowitz in ZAW 76 (1964) 193–200), that these difficulties may be avoided by a novel system of punctuation. Moreover, two alternative suggestions reveal, in addition to the removal of the original difficulty, the uncovering of the Post-Biblical epithet Adon Hakkol (אדון-הכל). According to one of the suggestions, an additional epithet of similar nature, Eloha Hakkol(אלוה-הכל) is also revealed (cf. especially to Ben-Sira XLV, 23: אלוה-כל). The author is of the opinion that the occurrence of the title אדון-הכל in the Qumran apocryphic Psalm provides us with a definite clue regarding its late composition. This assumption is based on the frequent use of אדון-(ה)כל (in different variations) in Hebrew, Aramaic, Syriac, and Greek sources of the Post-Biblical period, and on the complete absence of this term in the Bible, even in instances where it definitely could have been employed (as evidenced e.g. by the Septuagint). The occurrence of the title אדון-הכל in the Qumran non-canonical Psalm 151 lends considerable support to the assumption (strengthened by further philological proofs), that this Psalm, at any rate, in its present form, is the product of a period dominated by "late Hebrew" — most probably the Hellenistic period.