Metaphors in 4 Maccabees
This article argues that 4 Maccabees can be seen as an ideology of martyrdom, probably composed in Antioch. It was addressed to Jews in order to demonstrate that the Jewish way of life is even better than what Greco-Roman philosophers expect in terms of a virtuous existence. The author of 4 Macc applies various metaphors in order to drive this point home. The article deals with its agricultural, military and athletic metaphors.