על הבדלי התפיסות בין ההלכה הקומראנית להלכות חז"ל: קדושה דינמית מול קדושה סטטית

There are several differences between the cultic laws of the Temple Scroll and Miqsat Mac a se Torah (MMT), on the one hand, and Pharisaic and rabbinic Halakhah, on the other. The Tempie Scroll and MMT are stricter with regard to purity restrictions and the boundaries of holiness concerning priests, as well as sacred space and sacred time. Therefore, the authors of the scrolls demand a unique calendar and, in the case of the Temple Scroll, a special spatial organization of the Temple and its courtyards. My thesis shows that the source of these differences is a presupposition regarding the very character and essence of holiness, which the rituals and cultic laws seek to maintain and preserve. The difference is not in the specifics of what is holy and what is profane, but rather in the understanding of what holiness itself really is. The Temple Scroll and MMT view holiness as dynamic, sensitive and dangerous, and maintain that access to the sacred should be limited. In contrast, in Pharisaic and rabbinic Halakhah holiness is static, and access to the sacred is far less restricted, since it is not dangerous or threatening. Thus holiness in this view is not an active entity but a status. These opposing world-views regarding the nature of holiness are actually related to general conceptions of the character of the relationship between humanity and nature, on the one hand, and between man and God on the other. Some quasi-parallels for these models of holiness and world-perception from anthropological literature are adduced in order to clarify the character of these types of holiness.