The Qumran "Jubilees" manuscripts as evidence for the literary growth of the book (1)

Whereas scholarship generally assumes a fixed text of Jubilees by hte second century B.C.E., this article explores the evidence for first-century B.C.E. revisions and Fortschreibungen. The combined evidence of 4Q216 and 4Q217 hints at a first-century B.C.E. addition to Jub. 1, and the absence of Jub. 23:32 from 4Q176 frag. 21 may indicate subequent Fortschreibung. The article argues, following Milik, for a manuscript bisection of Jubilees, and for a reassignment of 4Q176 frag. 21 to 4Q221. An appendix presents the hitherto unpublished fragment 4Q221 frag. 20.