Littérature apocalyptique et judaïsme rabbinique: Le problème de la bat qol

What is the relationship between rabbinic and apocalyptic Judaism: opposition or continuity? Actually, the two explanations may be linked provided that we establish a hierarchy between them. If the denial of apocalyptic prevails, some apocalyptic elements are, in spite of this, preserved in the rabbinic corpus. A selection of 40 rabbinic texts which deal with the heavenly voice (bat qol) confirms this general model. Indeed, in Tosefta, Soṭa, 13, 3, the rabbis affirm that the prophecy ended but it remains in a weakened form: the Bat Qol. Quoted only a few times in the halakhic corpus, even explicitly rejected as source of the halakha in Talmud Babli, Baba Meṣi‘a, 59b, the Bat Qol reveals mainly aggadic materials. 20 of the 40 texts treat apocalyptic themes but in a more or less antiapocalyptic way. This ambivalent position is obvious when we examine the following topics: Messiah, date of the end of the world, violent death as a way to the future world and predominance of the individual eschatology.